PRARANCANGAN PABRIK NIKEL SULFAT (NiSO4.6H2O) DARI MIXED HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATE (MHP) KAPASITAS 100.000
Keywords:
Nikel laterit, MHP, solvent extraction, nikel sulfat heksahidrat, Cyanex-272Abstract
Bijih nikel laterit diolah melalui dua metode utama: pirometalurgi dan hidrometalurgi. Pirometalurgi digunakan untuk bijih saprolit berkadar tinggi guna menghasilkan feronikel (FeNi), nikel pig iron (NPI), dan nikel matte. Hidrometalurgi memanfaatkan pelindian untuk memperoleh produk antara seperti mixed sulfide precipitate (MSP) dan mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP), yang selanjutnya dimurnikan menjadi logam atau senyawa nikel murni.Prarancangan ini bertujuan memproduksi nikel sulfat heksahidrat (NiSO₄·6H₂O) berkapasitas 100.000 ton/tahun melalui proses solvent extraction berbasis pelindian MHP. Tahapan utama meliputi pelindian MHP dengan asam sulfat, pemurnian larutan dari logam pengotor, serta pemisahan selektif kobalt dan nikel menggunakan ekstraktan organofosforik (P204, P507, Cyanex-272) dalam kerosin. Produk nikel diperoleh melalui stripping dan kristalisasi. Reaktor utama adalah Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) pada suhu ±60 °C. Kebutuhan bahan baku MHP ±133.000 ton/tahun dengan penunjang H₂SO₄, CaCO₃, HCl, NaOH, dan ekstraktan organik. Sistem utilitas meliputi pengolahan air, pembangkit steam, listrik, penyimpanan bahan kimia, dan pengolahan limbah. Evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan modal tetap Rp 208 miliar, modal kerja Rp 89 miliar, biaya produksi Rp 6,56 triliun/tahun, dan pendapatan Rp 6,95 triliun/tahun. Laba sebelum dan sesudah pajak Rp 312 miliar dan Rp 213 miliar, ROI masing-masing 74,93% dan 51,08%, Payback Period 1,25 dan 1,78 tahun, BEP 48,00%, serta SDP 27,49%. Analisis teknis dan ekonomi menyimpulkan pabrik ini layak diteruskan ke tahap berikutnya.
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